This is a good breakdown of where BIM and CAD are heading. One thing I'd add from our own experience: a lot of the benefits people are describing here (real-time collaboration, faster file access, easier version control) only really show up once the underlying systems move to the cloud.
We went through this with a construction tech platform last year. The BIM models and CAD files were huge, and keeping everything on local servers made collaboration...

Welcome, and good that you are trying to understand the basics before jumping into frameworks. That mindset will pay off later.

A few suggestions from experience. Do not commit the server itself into the repo. Tomcat or any server should be installed locally by each developer, and only your project configuration should live in Git. A cleaner way is to use the Maven Tomcat plugin or Maven Cargo plugin, which lets anyone run the app locally...