You cannot access the client computer's operating system and you would need to do this in order to find the default printer name. This is implemented as part of browser security.
The only way you would be able to do this would be to implement an ActiveX control. ActiveX controls are only run in Internet Explorer and are considered unsafe because they access the client's computer, they can do anything they want, and they may actually open other security holes if they aren't implemented proeprly. Most people that I know make sure that ActiveX is turned off in Internet Explorer.
You may be able to use SilverLight to do this...but even then you would be breaking the Sandbox rules...
I wouldn't try to determine the default printer name.
I would let the user choose their printer and would just use the JavaScript print() method.
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