I'm barely awake this morning so this will be short. You need to make Google your friend. Or at least Wikipedia.
The kernel is the core of any operating system. It is the middle man between applications and the hardware. Applications don't always know what hardware it is running on so the kernel takes care of things like "write this character to the screen" whatever 'screen' may be, or, "send this data to the internet" without regard to what network card you may have.
Very simple, basic explanation but you need to google for more details.
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