Array of zero element

[nileshsimaria@gmail.com]

Hi,

I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements (mostly
within structure)

like,

typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;

Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ? And how to use member
variable 'data' of struct foo ?

Thanks,
Nilesh

[Richard Heathfield]

Re: Array of zero element

nileshsimaria@g mail.com said:

Hi,
>
I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements (mostly
within structure)
>
like,
>
typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;
>
Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ?

It's good for generating diagnostic messages, such as:

warning: ANSI C forbids zero-size array `data'
warning: no semicolon at end of struct or union

And how to use member
variable 'data' of struct foo ?

Make it a big bigger than 0, stick a semicolon on the end, instantiate it,
and then use the member operator . to access the member object.

--
Richard Heathfield
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29/7/1999

http://www.cpax.org.uk

email: rjh at the above domain, - www.

[nileshsimaria@gmail.com]

Re: Array of zero element


Richard Heathfield wrote:

nileshsimaria@g mail.com said:
>

Hi,

I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements (mostly
within structure)

like,

typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;

Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ?

>
It's good for generating diagnostic messages, such as:
>
warning: ANSI C forbids zero-size array `data'
warning: no semicolon at end of struct or union

Ok, I put semicolon and compiling using gcc, its not producing warning,

>

And how to use member
variable 'data' of struct foo ?

>
Make it a big bigger than 0, stick a semicolon on the end, instantiate it,
and then use the member operator . to access the member object.
>
--
Richard Heathfield
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29/7/1999

http://www.cpax.org.uk

email: rjh at the above domain, - www.

[Cong Wang]

Re: Array of zero element


nileshsimaria@g mail.com wrote:

Hi,
>
I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements (mostly
within structure)
>
like,
>
typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;
>
Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ? And how to use member
variable 'data' of struct foo ?
>
Thanks,
Nilesh

Array of zero length is NOT standard C, but a GCC extension. In the
book "GCC - The Complete Reference", it is said that:
"GNU C allows the declaration of arrays of zero length to facilitate
the creation of
variable-length structures. This only makes sense if the zero-length
array is the last
member of a struct. The size of the array can be specified by simply
being allocated
the amount of space necessary. The following program demonstrates the
technique:
/* zarray.c */
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct {
int size;
char string[0];
} vlen;
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int i;
int count = 22;
char letter = 'a';
vlen *line = (vlen *)malloc(sizeof (vlen) + count);
line->size = count;
for(i=0; i<count; i++)
line->string[i] = letter++;
printf("sizeof( vlen)=%d\n",siz eof(vlen));
for(i=0; i<line->size; i++)
printf("%c ",line->string[i]);
printf("\n");
return(0);
}
"

[Richard Heathfield]

Re: Array of zero element

nileshsimaria@g mail.com said:

>
Richard Heathfield wrote:

>nileshsimaria@g mail.com said:
>>

Hi,
>
I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements (mostly
within structure)
>
like,
>
typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;
>
Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ?

>>
>It's good for generating diagnostic messages, such as:
>>
>warning: ANSI C forbids zero-size array `data'
>warning: no semicolon at end of struct or union

>
Ok, I put semicolon and compiling using gcc, its not producing warning,

Let's put the semicolon in, then, and re-compile using gcc:

warning: ANSI C forbids zero-size array `data'

If you're not getting this warning, I suggest you crank up your warning
level. To compile your code, I used my usual options:

gcc -W -Wall -ansi -pedantic -Wformat-nonliteral -Wcast-align
-Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast -Wmissing-prototypes
-Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Winline -Wundef
-Wnested-externs -Wcast-qual -Wshadow -Wconversion -Wwrite-strings
-Wno-conversion -ffloat-store -O2 -g -pg -c -o foo.o foo.c

--
Richard Heathfield
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29/7/1999

http://www.cpax.org.uk

email: rjh at the above domain, - www.

[Tom St Denis]

Re: Array of zero element

Cong Wang wrote:

Array of zero length is NOT standard C, but a GCC extension. In the
book "GCC - The Complete Reference", it is said that:
"GNU C allows the declaration of arrays of zero length to facilitate
the creation of
variable-length structures. This only makes sense if the zero-length
array is the last
member of a struct. The size of the array can be specified by simply
being allocated
the amount of space necessary. The following program demonstrates the
technique:

What a horrible unportable idea.

int count = 22;
char letter = 'a';
vlen *line = (vlen *)malloc(sizeof (vlen) + count);
line->size = count;

Why not just make string a "char*" ???

Tom

[Cong Wang]

Re: Array of zero element


Tom St Denis wrote:

Cong Wang wrote:

Array of zero length is NOT standard C, but a GCC extension. In the
book "GCC - The Complete Reference", it is said that:
"GNU C allows the declaration of arrays of zero length to facilitate
the creation of
variable-length structures. This only makes sense if the zero-length
array is the last
member of a struct. The size of the array can be specified by simply
being allocated
the amount of space necessary. The following program demonstrates the
technique:

>
What a horrible unportable idea.

Of course I know that's NOT portable. I *just* want to explain what
zero length array is and how it is used.

>

int count = 22;
char letter = 'a';
vlen *line = (vlen *)malloc(sizeof (vlen) + count);
line->size = count;

>
Why not just make string a "char*" ???
>
Tom

If I wrote the code, I will use char* too. But the code is picked from
that book, which, of course, is not written by me.

[Richard Tobin]

Re: Array of zero element

In article <1164806203.416 069.220160@80g2 000cwy.googlegr oups.com>,
Tom St Denis <tomstdenis@gma il.comwrote:

>"GNU C allows the declaration of arrays of zero length to
>facilitate the creation of variable-length structures. This only
>makes sense if the zero-length array is the last member of a
>struct. The size of the array can be specified by simply being
>allocated the amount of space necessary.

>What a horrible unportable idea.

It's a technique that has been used in many programming languages,
probably since the 1950s. For example, it was a common way of
representing Lisp symbols, which had some fixed size parts (e.g. value
cell) and a variable-length name.

It's sufficiently common in C that is has a name: the "struct hack",
and has been incorporated into the language (with a different syntax)
in C99.

>Why not just make string a "char*" ???

Because it requires an extra pointer, an extra indirection, and
doubles the number of allocations required[*], which may be very
significant in some applications.
[*] Actually in this case it would be straightforward to allocate
enough for the struct plus the string, and set the pointer
accordingly.

-- Richard

--
"Considerat ion shall be given to the need for as many as 32 characters
in some alphabets" - X3.4, 1963.

[Jean-Marc Bourguet]

Re: Array of zero element

Richard Heathfield <rjh@see.sig.in validwrites:

gcc -W -Wall -ansi -pedantic -Wformat-nonliteral -Wcast-align
-Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast -Wmissing-prototypes
-Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Winline -Wundef
-Wnested-externs -Wcast-qual -Wshadow -Wconversion -Wwrite-strings
-Wno-conversion -ffloat-store -O2 -g -pg -c -o foo.o foo.c

What's the aim of having both -Wconversion and -Wno-conversion?

Yours,

--
Jean-Marc

[Richard Heathfield]

Re: Array of zero element

Jean-Marc Bourguet said:

Richard Heathfield <rjh@see.sig.in validwrites:
>

>gcc -W -Wall -ansi -pedantic -Wformat-nonliteral -Wcast-align
>-Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast -Wmissing-prototypes
>-Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Winline -Wundef
>-Wnested-externs -Wcast-qual -Wshadow -Wconversion -Wwrite-strings
>-Wno-conversion -ffloat-store -O2 -g -pg -c -o foo.o foo.c

>
What's the aim of having both -Wconversion and -Wno-conversion?

Good spot! How did that get in there? :-)

--
Richard Heathfield
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29/7/1999

http://www.cpax.org.uk

email: rjh at the above domain, - www.

[CBFalconer]

Re: Array of zero element

nileshsimaria@g mail.com wrote:

>
I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements
(mostly within structure) like,
>
typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;
>
Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ? And how to use
member variable 'data' of struct foo ?

Only in C99 code, and only when data is the last field in the
struct foo. It is a means of legitimizing the "struct hack", which
you can google for. Alternatively, read the standard.

--
Chuck F (cbfalconer at maineline dot net)
Available for consulting/temporary embedded and systems.
<http://cbfalconer.home .att.net>

[CBFalconer]

Re: Array of zero element

nileshsimaria@g mail.com wrote:

Richard Heathfield wrote:

>nileshsimaria@g mail.com said:
>>

>>I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements
>>(mostly within structure) like,
>>>
>>typedef struct foo {
>> int data[0]
>>}foo;
>>>
>>Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ?

>>
>It's good for generating diagnostic messages, such as:
>>
>warning: ANSI C forbids zero-size array `data'
>warning: no semicolon at end of struct or union

>
Ok, I put semicolon and compiling using gcc, its not producing warning,

By default gcc is not a C compiler. You need at least

-W -Wall -ansi -pedantic

switches to make it one. Besides, there is no requirement for any
compiler to produce any particular warning.

--
Chuck F (cbfalconer at maineline dot net)
Available for consulting/temporary embedded and systems.
<http://cbfalconer.home .att.net>

[Ben Pfaff]

Re: Array of zero element

CBFalconer <cbfalconer@yah oo.comwrites:

nileshsimaria@g mail.com wrote:

>>
>I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements
>(mostly within structure) like,
>>
>typedef struct foo {
> int data[0]
>}foo;
>>
>Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ? And how to use
>member variable 'data' of struct foo ?

>
Only in C99 code, and only when data is the last field in the
struct foo. It is a means of legitimizing the "struct hack", which
you can google for. Alternatively, read the standard.

C99 uses [] instead of [0] for its legitimate version of the
struct hack, which is by the way called a "flexible array
member".
--
"The expression isn't unclear *at all* and only an expert could actually
have doubts about it"
--Dan Pop

[Keith Thompson]

Re: Array of zero element

nileshsimaria@g mail.com writes:

I have seen some code were we have array with zero elements (mostly
within structure)
>
like,
>
typedef struct foo {
int data[0]
}foo;
>
Just curious whats the use of this kind of code ? And how to use member
variable 'data' of struct foo ?

It's a form of the "struct hack". It's explained in question 2.6 of
the comp.lang.c FAQ, <http://www.c-faq.com/>. A more portable form
uses "int data[1];", but even that is of questionable legality. C99
replaces the struct hack with flexible array members, but not all
compilers yet support that feature.

--
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keit h) kst-u@mib.org <http://www.ghoti.net/~kst>
San Diego Supercomputer Center <* <http://users.sdsc.edu/~kst>
We must do something. This is something. Therefore, we must do this.

[Peter Nilsson]

Re: Array of zero element

CBFalconer wrote:

nileshsimaria@g mail.com wrote:

Ok, I put semicolon and compiling using gcc, its not producing warning,

>
By default gcc is not a C compiler. You need at least
>
-W -Wall -ansi -pedantic
>
switches to make it one. Besides,

Did you mean 'otherwise'?

there is no requirement for any
compiler to produce any particular warning.

5.1.1.3p1:

"A conforming implementation shall produce at least one diagnostic
message
(identified in an implementation-defined manner) if a preprocessing
translation
unit or translation unit contains a violation of any syntax rule or
constraint,
even if the behavior is also explicitly specified as undefined or
implementation-
defined. ..."

--
Peter