Missing Destructor

[AB]

Hi All,

I've got an array of objects, during the execution of the program I'd
like to assign a particular object to a certain element in the object
array. The sample code's like this...

class ClassA
{
public:
ClassA()
: m(rand() % 173) { cout<<"\nRandom Constructor: "<<m ; }

ClassA(int val)
: m(val) { cout<<"\nConstr ucted: "<<m ; }

~ClassA() { cout<<"\n\nDest ructor: "<<m ; }
private:
int m ;
} ;

int main()
{
srand((unsigned )time(NULL)) ;

const int size = 3 ;
ClassA *c = new ClassA[size] ;

c[0] = ClassA(200) ;
c[0] = ClassA(201) ;

delete[] c ;
return 0 ;
}

//Output...
Random Constructor: 50 <--- (object vanishes without destructor call)
Random Constructor: 38
Random Constructor: 148
Constructed: 200

Destructor: 200
Constructed: 201

Destructor: 201 <--- (1. 1st destructor call for this object)

Destructor: 148

Destructor: 38

Destructor: 201 <--- (2. object is being destroyed twice or has it
replaced the very first object?)

As I've pointed out in the output, the the destructor for the 1st
object never gets called, whereas the destructor for the object created
with data = 201 gets called twice. Is this the case or is it the very
first object which is in fact getting destroyed in (2) ?

Also, what's the best practice for such a situation?

[Jim Langston]

Re: Missing Destructor


"AB" <abjbhat@gmail. com> wrote in message
news:1151557214 .393516.69970@i 40g2000cwc.goog legroups.com...[color=blue]
> Hi All,
>
> I've got an array of objects, during the execution of the program I'd
> like to assign a particular object to a certain element in the object
> array. The sample code's like this...
>
> class ClassA
> {
> public:
> ClassA()
> : m(rand() % 173) { cout<<"\nRandom Constructor: "<<m ; }
>
> ClassA(int val)
> : m(val) { cout<<"\nConstr ucted: "<<m ; }
>
> ~ClassA() { cout<<"\n\nDest ructor: "<<m ; }
> private:
> int m ;
> } ;
>
> int main()
> {
> srand((unsigned )time(NULL)) ;
>
> const int size = 3 ;
> ClassA *c = new ClassA[size] ;
>
> c[0] = ClassA(200) ;
> c[0] = ClassA(201) ;
>
> delete[] c ;
> return 0 ;
> }
>
> //Output...
> Random Constructor: 50 <--- (object vanishes without destructor call)
> Random Constructor: 38
> Random Constructor: 148
> Constructed: 200
>
> Destructor: 200
> Constructed: 201
>
> Destructor: 201 <--- (1. 1st destructor call for this object)
>
> Destructor: 148
>
> Destructor: 38
>
> Destructor: 201 <--- (2. object is being destroyed twice or has it
> replaced the very first object?)
>
> As I've pointed out in the output, the the destructor for the 1st
> object never gets called, whereas the destructor for the object created
> with data = 201 gets called twice. Is this the case or is it the very
> first object which is in fact getting destroyed in (2) ?
>
> Also, what's the best practice for such a situation?[/color]

All I can say is I see the same behavior in MS VC++ .net 2003

[Vikram]

Re: Missing Destructor


AB wrote:[color=blue]
> Hi All,
>
> I've got an array of objects, during the execution of the program I'd
> like to assign a particular object to a certain element in the object
> array. The sample code's like this...
>
> class ClassA
> {
> public:
> ClassA()
> : m(rand() % 173) { cout<<"\nRandom Constructor: "<<m ; }
>
> ClassA(int val)
> : m(val) { cout<<"\nConstr ucted: "<<m ; }
>
> ~ClassA() { cout<<"\n\nDest ructor: "<<m ; }
> private:
> int m ;
> } ;
>
> int main()
> {
> srand((unsigned )time(NULL)) ;
>
> const int size = 3 ;
> ClassA *c = new ClassA[size] ;
>
> c[0] = ClassA(200) ;
> c[0] = ClassA(201) ;
>
> delete[] c ;
> return 0 ;
> }
>
> //Output...
> Random Constructor: 50 <--- (object vanishes without destructor call)
> Random Constructor: 38
> Random Constructor: 148
> Constructed: 200
>
> Destructor: 200
> Constructed: 201
>
> Destructor: 201 <--- (1. 1st destructor call for this object)
>
> Destructor: 148
>
> Destructor: 38
>
> Destructor: 201 <--- (2. object is being destroyed twice or has it
> replaced the very first object?)
>
> As I've pointed out in the output, the the destructor for the 1st
> object never gets called, whereas the destructor for the object created
> with data = 201 gets called twice. Is this the case or is it the very
> first object which is in fact getting destroyed in (2) ?
>
> Also, what's the best practice for such a situation?[/color]

A statement like
c[0] = ClassA(200) ;
constructs a temporary object and assigns it to c[0]. After the
statement the temporary object is destructed and not c[0]. That is the
reason you see contructed and destructed for 200. They refer to temp
object rather than c[0].

[Alf P. Steinbach]

Re: Missing Destructor

* AB:[color=blue]
> Hi All,
>
> I've got an array of objects, during the execution of the program I'd
> like to assign a particular object to a certain element in the object
> array. The sample code's like this...
>
> class ClassA
> {
> public:
> ClassA()
> : m(rand() % 173) { cout<<"\nRandom Constructor: "<<m ; }
>
> ClassA(int val)
> : m(val) { cout<<"\nConstr ucted: "<<m ; }
>
> ~ClassA() { cout<<"\n\nDest ructor: "<<m ; }
> private:
> int m ;
> } ;
>
> int main()
> {
> srand((unsigned )time(NULL)) ;
>
> const int size = 3 ;
> ClassA *c = new ClassA[size] ;
>
> c[0] = ClassA(200) ;
> c[0] = ClassA(201) ;
>
> delete[] c ;
> return 0 ;
> }
>
> //Output...
> Random Constructor: 50 <--- (object vanishes without destructor call)
> Random Constructor: 38
> Random Constructor: 148
> Constructed: 200
>
> Destructor: 200
> Constructed: 201
>
> Destructor: 201 <--- (1. 1st destructor call for this object)
>
> Destructor: 148
>
> Destructor: 38
>
> Destructor: 201 <--- (2. object is being destroyed twice or has it
> replaced the very first object?)
>
> As I've pointed out in the output, the the destructor for the 1st
> object never gets called, whereas the destructor for the object created
> with data = 201 gets called twice. Is this the case or is it the very
> first object which is in fact getting destroyed in (2) ?
>
> Also, what's the best practice for such a situation?[/color]

What I call the "C++ construction guarantee": except for use of very
low-level features each object receives exactly one constructor call
(after all subobjects constructed), which is the first thing that
happens for that object, and for each constructor call there is at most
one destructor call -- unless you fail to destroy an object there is
exactly one destructor call for each constructor call.

The code above uses two techniques to make it less apparent what's going on:

* Value assignment that changes the apparent identity of an object.

* Temporary objects.

You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same id.

To investigate constructor and destructor calls you need code that is
easy to analyze instead of code that brings in all kinds of effects.

--
A: Because it messes up the order in which people normally read text.
Q: Why is it such a bad thing?
A: Top-posting.
Q: What is the most annoying thing on usenet and in e-mail?

[AB]

Re: Missing Destructor

>Alf P. Steinbach wrote:[color=blue]
>You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
>element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same id.[/color]

I thought it was the other way around. First the temporary object with
id 201 would be destroyed and the array's first object with id 201 last.

[Rolf Magnus]

Re: Missing Destructor

AB wrote:
[color=blue][color=green]
>>Alf P. Steinbach wrote:
>>You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
>>element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same id.[/color]
>
> I thought it was the other way around. First the temporary object with
> id 201 would be destroyed and the array's first object with id 201 last.[/color]

I'd say you're right. The temporary is destroyed as soon as the assignment
is finished. The array is destroyed later.

[Alf P. Steinbach]

Re: Missing Destructor

* Rolf Magnus:[color=blue]
> AB wrote:
>[color=green][color=darkred]
>>> Alf P. Steinbach wrote:
>>> You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
>>> element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same id.[/color]
>> I thought it was the other way around. First the temporary object with
>> id 201 would be destroyed and the array's first object with id 201 last.[/color]
>
> I'd say you're right. The temporary is destroyed as soon as the assignment
> is finished. The array is destroyed later.[/color]

Yes, that seems to be the case here.

--
A: Because it messes up the order in which people normally read text.
Q: Why is it such a bad thing?
A: Top-posting.
Q: What is the most annoying thing on usenet and in e-mail?

[Zara]

Re: Missing Destructor

On 28 Jun 2006 22:00:14 -0700, "AB" <abjbhat@gmail. com> wrote:
[color=blue]
>Hi All,
>
>I've got an array of objects, during the execution of the program I'd
>like to assign a particular object to a certain element in the object
>array. The sample code's like this...
>[/color]
<....>

You may see everything more clearly if you add a copy assignment
operator:

class ClassA {
/* All your functions here */
ClassA& operator=(const ClassA& anotherInstance ) {
cout<<"\nCopy Assigned, changes from "<<m
<<" to "<<anotherInsta nce.m;
m=anotherInstan ce.m;
}
};

"One image is better than 1000 words"

Regards,

Zara

[Jim Langston]

Re: Missing Destructor


"Alf P. Steinbach" <alfps@start.no > wrote in message
news:4ghg21F1mu 8hjU1@individua l.net...[color=blue]
>* Rolf Magnus:[color=green]
>> AB wrote:
>>[color=darkred]
>>>> Alf P. Steinbach wrote:
>>>> You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
>>>> element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same id.
>>> I thought it was the other way around. First the temporary object with
>>> id 201 would be destroyed and the array's first object with id 201 last.[/color]
>>
>> I'd say you're right. The temporary is destroyed as soon as the
>> assignment
>> is finished. The array is destroyed later.[/color]
>
> Yes, that seems to be the case here.[/color]

The question remains however. Why do we not see a Drestructor for 50?

//Output...
Random Constructor: 50 <--- (object vanishes without destructor call)
Random Constructor: 38
Random Constructor: 148
Constructed: 200

Destructor: 200
Constructed: 201

Destructor: 201 <--- (1. 1st destructor call for this object)

Destructor: 148

Destructor: 38

Destructor: 201 <--- (2. object is being destroyed twice or has it
replaced the very first object?)

[Alf P. Steinbach]

Re: Missing Destructor

* Jim Langston:[color=blue]
>
> The question remains however. Why do we not see a Drestructor for 50?
>[/color]

Quoting myself:
[color=blue]
> Value assignment that changes the apparent identity of an object.[/color]

--
A: Because it messes up the order in which people normally read text.
Q: Why is it such a bad thing?
A: Top-posting.
Q: What is the most annoying thing on usenet and in e-mail?

[Rolf Magnus]

Re: Missing Destructor

Jim Langston wrote:
[color=blue]
>
> "Alf P. Steinbach" <alfps@start.no > wrote in message
> news:4ghg21F1mu 8hjU1@individua l.net...[color=green]
>>* Rolf Magnus:[color=darkred]
>>> AB wrote:
>>>
>>>>> Alf P. Steinbach wrote:
>>>>> You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
>>>>> element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same id.
>>>> I thought it was the other way around. First the temporary object with
>>>> id 201 would be destroyed and the array's first object with id 201
>>>> last.
>>>
>>> I'd say you're right. The temporary is destroyed as soon as the
>>> assignment
>>> is finished. The array is destroyed later.[/color]
>>
>> Yes, that seems to be the case here.[/color]
>
> The question remains however. Why do we not see a Drestructor for 50?[/color]

Because you copied the object with id 201 to it, so it now has id 201, too.
What did you expect to happen with the object when assigning another object
to it?

[Jim Langston]

Re: Missing Destructor

"Rolf Magnus" <ramagnus@t-online.de> wrote in message
news:e80735$d6r $02$1@news.t-online.com...[color=blue]
> Jim Langston wrote:
>[color=green]
>>
>> "Alf P. Steinbach" <alfps@start.no > wrote in message
>> news:4ghg21F1mu 8hjU1@individua l.net...[color=darkred]
>>>* Rolf Magnus:
>>>> AB wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>> Alf P. Steinbach wrote:
>>>>>> You first destructor call reporting id 201 is of the first array
>>>>>> element, the second is of the temporary object, which has the same
>>>>>> id.
>>>>> I thought it was the other way around. First the temporary object with
>>>>> id 201 would be destroyed and the array's first object with id 201
>>>>> last.
>>>>
>>>> I'd say you're right. The temporary is destroyed as soon as the
>>>> assignment
>>>> is finished. The array is destroyed later.
>>>
>>> Yes, that seems to be the case here.[/color]
>>
>> The question remains however. Why do we not see a Drestructor for 50?[/color]
>
> Because you copied the object with id 201 to it, so it now has id 201,
> too.
> What did you expect to happen with the object when assigning another
> object
> to it?[/color]

Wasn't me, but someone else. Yes, now I understand. No destructor for
assignment.