Basic Pointer Question...

[shan_rish@yahoo.com]

Hi CLCers,
I coded a function to allocate memory and i am passing a pointer to the
function. The code is compiling but throws error and closes while
executing. The program is as below:
#include<stdio. h>
#include<stdlib .h>
int main()
{
int *p;
void mem_fun(int *i);
mem_fun(p);
printf("%d\n",* p);
getch();
return 0;
}

void mem_fun(int *i)
{

printf("%u\n",i );
i=malloc(sizeof (int));
*i=10;
printf("%d\n",* i);
}

Please help in understanding the problem. Advanced thanks.
Cheers
Shan

[bwaichu@yahoo.com]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...


shan_r...@yahoo .com wrote:[color=blue]
> Hi CLCers,
> I coded a function to allocate memory and i am passing a pointer to the
> function. The code is compiling but throws error and closes while
> executing. The program is as below:
> #include<stdio. h>
> #include<stdlib .h>
> int main()
> {
> int *p;
> void mem_fun(int *i);
> mem_fun(p);
> printf("%d\n",* p);
> getch();
> return 0;
> }
>
> void mem_fun(int *i)
> {
>
> printf("%u\n",i );
> i=malloc(sizeof (int));
> *i=10;
> printf("%d\n",* i);
> }
>
> Please help in understanding the problem. Advanced thanks.
> Cheers
> Shan[/color]

You are not using pointers correctly. Here's a good website with an
easy to understand explanation of pointers:

http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/

I removed your first printf from the mem_fun() since I had no idea what
you were trying to do.

Here's your code corrected:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void mem_fun(int **);

int
main() {

int *p;
mem_fun(&p);
(void)printf("% d\n",*p);
exit(0);
}

void
mem_fun(int **i)
{

*i = malloc(sizeof(i nt));
if(*i == NULL)
return;
**i = 10;
(void)printf("% d\n",**i);
return;
}

[Michael Mair]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...

shan_rish@yahoo .com wrote:[color=blue]
> Hi CLCers,
> I coded a function to allocate memory and i am passing a pointer to the
> function. The code is compiling but throws error and closes while
> executing. The program is as below:
> #include<stdio. h>
> #include<stdlib .h>
> int main()
> {
> int *p;
> void mem_fun(int *i);[/color]

Do not hide your function declarations within other functions.
[color=blue]
> mem_fun(p);[/color]

Let us recapitulate: C passes arguments by value.
You have given no value to p, so making a copy of p for mem_fun
invokes undefined behaviour. From now on, anything can happen,
including your harddisk being formatted.
If you want to change something using a function, you have
to pass its _address_, not the object itself (which will only
copied but not changed).
Note: The address is also passed by value, but this value is
sufficient to do something.
[color=blue]
> printf("%d\n",* p);
> getch();[/color]

This function is not defined in standard C.
[color=blue]
> return 0;
> }
>
> void mem_fun(int *i)
> {
>
> printf("%u\n",i );[/color]

The format specifier for pointers is %p.
If pointers and integers have different sizes, the above may
go wrong.
[color=blue]
> i=malloc(sizeof (int));[/color]

Better:
i = malloc(sizeof *i);
This works even if you change the type to i.

You forgot to check whether malloc() succeeded.
[color=blue]
> *i=10;
> printf("%d\n",* i);[/color]

As you work on a copy of a pointer value which expires at the
end of the function, you have produced a memory leak.
[color=blue]
> }
>
> Please help in understanding the problem. Advanced thanks.[/color]

Better:

#include<stdio. h>
#include<stdlib .h>

void mem_fun (int **i);

int main (void)
{
int *p = 0;
mem_fun(&p);
if (p)
printf("%p : %d\n", p, *p);
free(p);
getch();
return 0;
}

void mem_fun (int **i)
{
*i = malloc(sizeof **i);
if (*i)
**i = 10;
else {
fprintf(stderr, "mem alloc trouble\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILU RE); /* Replace by _real_ error
** handling whenever possible */
}
}

As you see, I check _twice_ whether malloc() succeeded to be
on the safe side. This is because mem_fun() does not directly
tell me whether it was successful. You may consider returning
*i/int * to signal success or failure.
In addition, as malloc() is hidden within a function, free()
can be easily forgotten.
It is usually better to malloc() on the same "level" as you free()
or to provide companion functions to be called from the same
level performing malloc() and free().


Cheers
Michael
--
E-Mail: Mine is an /at/ gmx /dot/ de address.

[shan_rish@yahoo.com]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...

Hi Guys,
Thanks for your reply. Now i understand what the problem is. When
coding with pointers, i stumble a lot, even though i know that values
are passed to C functions. Thanks again for your time for clearing my
doubt.
Cheers
Shan

[Krishanu Debnath]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...


Michael Mair wrote:

<snip>
[color=blue]
> Better:
>
> #include<stdio. h>
> #include<stdlib .h>
>
> void mem_fun (int **i);
>
> int main (void)
> {
> int *p = 0;
> mem_fun(&p);
> if (p)
> printf("%p : %d\n", p, *p);[/color]

typo? printf("%p : %d\n",(void *) p, *p);

Krishanu

[kernelxu@hotmail.com]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...

>Better:
[color=blue]
>#include<stdio .h>
>#include<stdli b.h>[/color]

[color=blue]
>void mem_fun (int **i);[/color]

[color=blue]
>int main (void)
>{
> int *p = 0;[/color]
hi,Michael
maybe "int *p = (void *)0; " is better than "int *p = 0; ".
and, I always use NULL to initilize a pointer. do you think it's a good
style?
Is the macro "NULL" a standard C's definition?
any word would be appreciated.[color=blue]
> mem_fun(&p);
> if (p)
> printf("%p : %d\n", p, *p);
> free(p);
> getch();
> return 0;[/color]



}

[Krishanu Debnath]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...


kernelxu@hotmai l.com wrote:[color=blue][color=green]
> >Better:[/color]
>[color=green]
> >#include<stdio .h>
> >#include<stdli b.h>[/color]
>
>[color=green]
> >void mem_fun (int **i);[/color]
>
>[color=green]
> >int main (void)
> >{
> > int *p = 0;[/color]
> hi,Michael
> maybe "int *p = (void *)0; " is better than "int *p = 0; ".[/color]

No, both are same.
[color=blue]
> and, I always use NULL to initilize a pointer. do you think it's a good
> style?
> Is the macro "NULL" a standard C's definition?
> any word would be appreciated.[/color]

Did you read FAQs?

http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/q5.4.html

Krishanu

--
"Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one."
--Bill Gates

[Peter Pichler]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...

kernelxu@hotmai l.com wrote:
[color=blue]
> maybe "int *p = (void *)0; " is better than "int *p = 0; ".
> and, I always use NULL to initilize a pointer. do you think it's a good
> style?
> Is the macro "NULL" a standard C's definition?
> any word would be appreciated.[/color]

Look up Q 5.4 in the FAQ. I would also recommend to read the whole
section 5, which deals with NULL pointers. The FAQ can be found at
http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/top.html. It used to be anyway; I
couldn't connect to that site today :(

Peter

[Michael Mair]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...

Krishanu Debnath wrote:[color=blue]
> Michael Mair wrote:
>
> <snip>
>[color=green]
>>Better:
>>
>>#include<stdi o.h>
>>#include<stdl ib.h>
>>
>>void mem_fun (int **i);
>>
>>int main (void)
>>{
>> int *p = 0;
>> mem_fun(&p);
>> if (p)
>> printf("%p : %d\n", p, *p);[/color]
>
>
> typo? printf("%p : %d\n",(void *) p, *p);[/color]

True. Thanks.

Cheers
Michael
--
E-Mail: Mine is an /at/ gmx /dot/ de address.

[ranjeet.gupta@gmail.com]

Re: Basic Pointer Question...

[color=blue]
> Here's your code corrected:[/color]

I dont think so !!![color=blue]
>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
>
> void mem_fun(int **);
>
> int
> main() {
>
> int *p;
> mem_fun(&p);
> (void)printf("% d\n",*p);
> exit(0);
> }
>
> void
> mem_fun(int **i)
> {
>
> *i = malloc(sizeof(i nt));
> if(*i == NULL)
> return;
> **i = 10;
> (void)printf("% d\n",**i);
> return;[/color]
what you are returning and why ? Check your declaration.[color=blue]
> }[/color]