Deep copy ArrayList problem.

[Steven Blair]

I need to perform a Deep Copy on an ArrayList.

I wrote a small sample app to prove this could be done:

ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();

a.Add("Hello");
b = (ArrayList) a.Clone();

a[0] = "World";

This appears to work fine. However, when I try it in my application,
both ArrayLists point to the same memory.

Each element in my ArrayList is a custom class I have written, so I am
wondering would this have any impact on the call to Clone() ?

At a high level, what I need to do is create a very large structure once
on startup (the ArrayList will be static) and when each request comes in
from a client, I take a deep copy of the structure and allow each client
their own working copy. This would cut down a massive amoutn of
processing on my part.

Can anyone help?

Steven



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[daa]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

try:

ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();

a.Add("Hello");
b = a;


Steven Blair wrote:

I need to perform a Deep Copy on an ArrayList.
>
I wrote a small sample app to prove this could be done:
>
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();
>
a.Add("Hello");
b = (ArrayList) a.Clone();
>
a[0] = "World";
>
This appears to work fine. However, when I try it in my application,
both ArrayLists point to the same memory.
>
Each element in my ArrayList is a custom class I have written, so I am
wondering would this have any impact on the call to Clone() ?
>
At a high level, what I need to do is create a very large structure once
on startup (the ArrayList will be static) and when each request comes in
from a client, I take a deep copy of the structure and allow each client
their own working copy. This would cut down a massive amoutn of
processing on my part.
>
Can anyone help?
>
Steven
>
>
>
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[Chris Dunaway]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Steven Blair wrote:

I need to perform a Deep Copy on an ArrayList.
>
I wrote a small sample app to prove this could be done:
>
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();
>
a.Add("Hello");
b = (ArrayList) a.Clone();
>
a[0] = "World";
>
This appears to work fine. However, when I try it in my application,
both ArrayLists point to the same memory.
>

I think you can use the ArrayList.CopyT o along with AddRange method:

ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();

a.Add("Hello");

string[a.Count] strings;
a.CopyTo(string s);

b.AddRange(stri ngs);

Check the syntax, but I think this may work.

[Jon Skeet [C# MVP]]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Steven Blair <steven.blair@b tinternet.comwr ote:

I need to perform a Deep Copy on an ArrayList.
>
I wrote a small sample app to prove this could be done:
>
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();
>
a.Add("Hello");
b = (ArrayList) a.Clone();
>
a[0] = "World";
>
This appears to work fine. However, when I try it in my application,
both ArrayLists point to the same memory.

Could you post a short but complete program which demonstrates the
problem?

See http://www.pobox.com/~skeet/csharp/complete.html for details of
what I mean by that.

Each element in my ArrayList is a custom class I have written, so I am
wondering would this have any impact on the call to Clone() ?

Well, each list will refer to the same set of objects to start with,
although the lists themselves are independent. If you want the objects
themselves to be cloned (as your subject line suggests) you'll need to
call Clone() on each of the objects, eg:

for (int i=0; i < copiedList.Coun t; i++)
{
copiedList[i] = copiedList[i].Clone();
}

--
Jon Skeet - <skeet@pobox.co m>
http://www.pobox.com/~skeet Blog: http://www.msmvps.com/jon.skeet
If replying to the group, please do not mail me too

[Jon Skeet [C# MVP]]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

daa <mithunster@gma il.comwrote:

try:
>
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();
>
a.Add("Hello");
b = a;

That ends up with a single list, with two variables referring to the
same list. In fact, assigning a new ArrayList reference to b to start
with is pointless.

--
Jon Skeet - <skeet@pobox.co m>
http://www.pobox.com/~skeet Blog: http://www.msmvps.com/jon.skeet
If replying to the group, please do not mail me too

[Steven Blair]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Thanks for the replies.

Here is an example which closely matches the problem:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();

a.Add( new ExampleClass("H ello") );
b = (ArrayList) a.Clone(); //I expected this to clone the whole
structure.

((ExampleClass) a[0]).m_Value = "World"; //This changes b[0] as well!
}

public class ExampleClass
{
public string m_Value;

public ExampleClass(st ring s)
{
m_Value = s;
}

public override string ToString()
{
return m_Value;
}
}



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[Steven Blair]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Jon,

Since each class is custom, I can only call Clone on the ArrayList
itself:

a.Clone();

and not

a[i].Clone();


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[Frans Bouma [C# MVP]]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Steven Blair wrote:

I need to perform a Deep Copy on an ArrayList.
>
I wrote a small sample app to prove this could be done:
>
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();
>
a.Add("Hello");
b = (ArrayList) a.Clone();
>
a[0] = "World";
>
This appears to work fine. However, when I try it in my application,
both ArrayLists point to the same memory.
>
Each element in my ArrayList is a custom class I have written, so I am
wondering would this have any impact on the call to Clone() ?
>
At a high level, what I need to do is create a very large structure
once on startup (the ArrayList will be static) and when each request
comes in from a client, I take a deep copy of the structure and allow
each client their own working copy. This would cut down a massive
amoutn of processing on my part.
>
Can anyone help?

MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter ();
formatter.Seria lize(stream, a);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begi n);
ArrayList b = (ArrayList)form atter.Deseriali ze(stream);
stream.Close();
stream.Dispose( );

This gives you perfectly deep copies of a complete object graph.

(disclaimer: written from my bare head so it might have some small
syntax errors here and there)

FB

--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lead developer of LLBLGen Pro, the productive O/R mapper for .NET
LLBLGen Pro website: http://www.llblgen.com
My .NET blog: http://weblogs.asp.net/fbouma
Microsoft MVP (C#)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Steven Blair]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Frans,

Thanks for the reply.

Is this code a hit on performance?

I need to determine if creating a deep copy is more expensive than
actually building the structure from scratch each time.

My original structure has seem times of >50ms to construct!



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[Jon Skeet [C# MVP]]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Steven Blair wrote:

Thanks for the reply.
>
Is this code a hit on performance?

Yes, that will be a hit on performance.

I need to determine if creating a deep copy is more expensive than
actually building the structure from scratch each time.
>
My original structure has seem times of >50ms to construct!

A much better idea than serialization *if* you're in control of all the
objects is to implement your own Clone method, and invoke it on each of
the objects in the list.

Jon

[Steven Blair]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Ok, using the example above, here is what I think the finished code
looks like:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();

ExampleClass t = new ExampleClass("H ello");

a.Add( t );

//At this point, I would loop round the count of the ArrayList
b.Add( ((ExampleClass) a[0]).Clone() );

((ExampleClass) a[0]).m_Value = "World";
}

public class ExampleClass : ICloneable
{
public string m_Value;

public ExampleClass(st ring s)
{
m_Value = s;
}

public override string ToString()
{
return m_Value;
}

object ICloneable.Clon e()
{
return this.Clone();
}

public virtual ExampleClass Clone()
{
return this.Memberwise Clone() as ExampleClass;
}
}

Any final comments?



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[Jon Skeet [C# MVP]]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.


Steven Blair wrote:

Ok, using the example above, here is what I think the finished code
looks like:
>
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
ArrayList b = new ArrayList();
>
ExampleClass t = new ExampleClass("H ello");
>
a.Add( t );
>
//At this point, I would loop round the count of the ArrayList
b.Add( ((ExampleClass) a[0]).Clone() );
>
((ExampleClass) a[0]).m_Value = "World";
}

Yup, that would be fine - except you could just use a foreach on the
loop, rather than using Count explictly.

Of course, MemberwiseClone only gives a shallow copy too - you'll need
to clone in an appropriate way for each class. Note that casting to
ICloneable instead of ExampleClass would be more flexible.

Jon

[Steven Blair]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Now I am confused.
My testing appears to show a deep copy is taking place, so how can the
MemberwiseClone only give me a shallow copy?

This line of code:

((ExampleClass) a[0]).m_Value = "World";

Changes object a, but b is unchanged.

Good point regarding the casting. I have now updated that.

I double check the code, and I do appear to have 2 seperate classes
after using the Clone().





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[Marc Gravell]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

Because it clones the fields essentially as a memcopy operation. For
value-type fields (numerics etc) this is fine. However, for reference-types
(custom classes, or lists, collections, arrays etc) you will simply clone
the *pointer* to the actual class on the heap, so to get a true "deep" clone
you would have to keep going. Note that for immutable reference types (such
as string) you won't really notice the difference.

It is unfortunate that IClonable doesn't distinguish between shallow and
deep.

Marc

[Steven Blair]

Re: Deep copy ArrayList problem.

oh, now I understand:

public class ExampleClass : ICloneable
{
public string m_Value;
public ArrayList m_Names; // :( shallow copy time

public ExampleClass(st ring s)
{
m_Value = s;
m_Names = new ArrayList();
}

public override string ToString()
{
return m_Value;
}

object ICloneable.Clon e()
{
return this.Clone();
}

public virtual ICloneable Clone()
{
return this.Memberwise Clone() as ICloneable;
}
}

m_Names would be a shallow copy :(

This is realy not good. It seems extremely complicated to copy (deep)
structures in C#.

I think living with the slow structure construction time is the only
option for me at the moment.

Thanks for the help everyone.



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