Implementing operator<<

**Ondra Holub** · Jan 17 '08, 03:45 PM

Re: Implementing operator<&lt ;

On 17 Led, 15:34, soy.h...@gmail. com wrote:

Hi all
>
I have a class StreamLogger which implements operator << in this way:
>
template <class TStreamLogger& operator<<(cons t T& t)
{
<print the stuff using fstream, etc.>
>
return *this;
>
}
>
It works perfectly, using it like:
m_logger << "My ID is " << getID() << "\n";
>
but for some reason it does not compile this code:
m_logger << std::endl;
>
It gives the following error:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.\src\Dealer.cp p(70) : error C2678: binary '<<' : no operator found
which takes a left-hand operand of type 'StreamLogger' (or there is no
acceptable conversion)
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\inc lude
\afx.h(1428): could be 'CDumpContext &operator <<(CDumpConte xt
&,ATL::CTimeSpa n)'
...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
Could you guys help me understand why it doesn't compile? (because I
dont have a clue...)
>
Thanks!!!
>
Jorge

You have to do following steps:

1. Create your own manipulator in std:
namespace std
{
StreamLogger& endl(StreamLogg er& s)
{
// Here do what manipulator should do
return s;
}

StreamLogger& hex(StreamLogge r& s)
{
// Here do what manipulator should do
return s;
}

// Define all standard manipulators which do not have parameters
// ...
}

2. Overload operator<< to accept function of the same type as
manipulator is:
StreamLogger& operator<<(Stre amLogger& s, StreamLogger& (*manip)
(StreamLogger& s))
{
return manip(s);
}

3. Use your manipulator in usual way:
StreamLogger sl;
sl << std::endl;

You should define all standard manipulators for your StreamLogger to
have standard interface. Do not ask me how to support anipulators with
parameters. I know it is (of course) possible, but I do not remember
the solution.

**James Kanze** · Jan 18 '08, 10:55 AM

Re: Implementing operator<&lt ;

On Jan 17, 3:34 pm, soy.h...@gmail. com wrote:

I have a class StreamLogger which implements operator << in this way:

template <class TStreamLogger& operator<<(cons t T& t)
{
<print the stuff using fstream, etc.>
return *this;
}

It works perfectly, using it like:
m_logger << "My ID is " << getID() << "\n";

but for some reason it does not compile this code:
m_logger << std::endl;

The problem is that std::endl is also a template. The actual
instantiation of the template will be determined by the type of
the parameter of operator<<, and the type of the parameter of
operator<< will be determined by the type of the argument, i.e.
the type of the instantiated std::endl template.

You'll run into this problem any time you try to output
something that is an uninstantiated template (or an overloaded
function)---in practice, that means the standard manipulators.
The solution is to add a non-template overload to catch
them---template argument deduction fails for your function
template, but the non-template overloads are still considered.
Something like:

inline OutputStreamWra pper const&
operator<<(
OutputStreamWra pper const&
dest,
std::ios_base& (* manip)( std::ios_base& ) )
{
std::ostream* stream = dest.stream() ;
if ( stream != NULL ) {
*stream << manip ;
}
return dest ;
}

inline OutputStreamWra pper const&
operator<<(
OutputStreamWra pper const&
dest,
std::ostream& (* manip)( std::ostream& ) )
{
std::ostream* stream = dest.stream() ;
if ( stream != NULL ) {
*stream << manip ;
}
return dest ;
}

seems to be sufficient. (I note that in my code, I've also got
a non-template overload for char const*. I don't remember why;
whether there is some fundamental problem due to the actual type
of the string literal being char const[], or if it is just a
work-around for a compiler bug somewhere. In general, however:
most of the time you encounter a problem, it will be because
template argument deduction isn't able to handle the case, and
an explicit non-template overload will do the trick.)

--
James Kanze (GABI Software) email:james.kan ze@gmail.com
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Beratung in objektorientier ter Datenverarbeitu ng
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Implementing operator<<

Implementing operator<<

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