Gentlemen,
Recently I had need to roll my own conversion routine for reading data
values from a SEGY file (seismic data values) which were in IBM 32-bit
floating point format.
I would like to post my routine in the hopes of perhaps helping someone
else and/or getting feedback on what someone else has done along these
lines.
I was greatly helped by the following article:
which can be found by searching Google for:
"what is the difference between ibm 32 bit floating point and ieee"
Step 1: Get a data value from file
READ(IF, $trace_sample, 4)
$bit_string = unpack("B*", $trace_sample);
Step 2: Convert bits which are in IBM 32-bit floating point value
$trace_value = conv_bit_string _2_ibm32float($ bit_string);
#============== =============== =============== =============== ===========
#copied from "Perl Cookbook, recipe 2.4
sub bin2dec {
return unpack("N", pack("B32", substr("0" x 32 . shift, -32)));
}
#============== =============== =============== =============== ============
#============== =============== =============== =============== ============
sub conv_bit_string _2_ibm32float {
$bit_string = shift;
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==
#DEBUG (make $bit_string = "11000010101100 011001111110101 111")
# (1st bit, sign bit = 1 (denotes negative number))
# (next seven bits, exponent = 66)
# (last 24 bits represent fraction = 0.69384283 in decimal)
# (whole bit string as IBM 32 bit FP = -177.62376 decimal)
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==
# A value of 1 for sign bit denotes a negative number
# while a value of zero denotes a positive number
#============== =============== =============== ========
$first_digit = substr($bit_str ing, 0, 1);
if ( $first_digit eq "0" ) {
$sign_bit = 1;
} elsif ( $first_digit eq "1" ) {
$sign_bit = -1;
}
$bin_exponent = substr($bit_str ing, 1, 7);
$exponent = bin2dec($bin_ex ponent);
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==========
#Computing fraction
#The following will do this:
# take last 24 bits of $bit_string such as "10110001100111 1110101111"
# for each bit starting from left to right, convert to decimal
# i.e. (1 * 2**-1) + (0 * 2**-2) + (1 * 2**-3) + (1 * 2**-4) ...
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==========
$bin_fraction = substr($bit_str ing, 8, 24);
@bit_chars = unpack("A1" x length($bin_fra ction), $bin_fraction);
$place_holder = -1;
$fraction = 0;
foreach $bit ( @bit_chars ) {
$fraction += $bit * (2 ** $place_holder);
$place_holder += -1;
}
$ibm_float = ($sign_bit ** 1) * (16 ** ($exponent - 64)) *
($fraction);
return sprintf("%.10f" , $ibm_float);
}
#============== =============== =============== =============== ============
Regards,
Terry Michaels
Recently I had need to roll my own conversion routine for reading data
values from a SEGY file (seismic data values) which were in IBM 32-bit
floating point format.
I would like to post my routine in the hopes of perhaps helping someone
else and/or getting feedback on what someone else has done along these
lines.
I was greatly helped by the following article:
which can be found by searching Google for:
"what is the difference between ibm 32 bit floating point and ieee"
Step 1: Get a data value from file
READ(IF, $trace_sample, 4)
$bit_string = unpack("B*", $trace_sample);
Step 2: Convert bits which are in IBM 32-bit floating point value
$trace_value = conv_bit_string _2_ibm32float($ bit_string);
#============== =============== =============== =============== ===========
#copied from "Perl Cookbook, recipe 2.4
sub bin2dec {
return unpack("N", pack("B32", substr("0" x 32 . shift, -32)));
}
#============== =============== =============== =============== ============
#============== =============== =============== =============== ============
sub conv_bit_string _2_ibm32float {
$bit_string = shift;
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==
#DEBUG (make $bit_string = "11000010101100 011001111110101 111")
# (1st bit, sign bit = 1 (denotes negative number))
# (next seven bits, exponent = 66)
# (last 24 bits represent fraction = 0.69384283 in decimal)
# (whole bit string as IBM 32 bit FP = -177.62376 decimal)
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==
# A value of 1 for sign bit denotes a negative number
# while a value of zero denotes a positive number
#============== =============== =============== ========
$first_digit = substr($bit_str ing, 0, 1);
if ( $first_digit eq "0" ) {
$sign_bit = 1;
} elsif ( $first_digit eq "1" ) {
$sign_bit = -1;
}
$bin_exponent = substr($bit_str ing, 1, 7);
$exponent = bin2dec($bin_ex ponent);
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==========
#Computing fraction
#The following will do this:
# take last 24 bits of $bit_string such as "10110001100111 1110101111"
# for each bit starting from left to right, convert to decimal
# i.e. (1 * 2**-1) + (0 * 2**-2) + (1 * 2**-3) + (1 * 2**-4) ...
#============== =============== =============== =============== ==========
$bin_fraction = substr($bit_str ing, 8, 24);
@bit_chars = unpack("A1" x length($bin_fra ction), $bin_fraction);
$place_holder = -1;
$fraction = 0;
foreach $bit ( @bit_chars ) {
$fraction += $bit * (2 ** $place_holder);
$place_holder += -1;
}
$ibm_float = ($sign_bit ** 1) * (16 ** ($exponent - 64)) *
($fraction);
return sprintf("%.10f" , $ibm_float);
}
#============== =============== =============== =============== ============
Regards,
Terry Michaels